Data Sources
Seven public datasets integrated into the AgriTwin database
All data is downloaded and processed by the agritwin-etl pipeline.
Raw files are stored in agriTwin-etl/data/; processed Parquet files
in data/processed/. The loader bulk-copies Parquet into PostgreSQL via
COPY FROM STDIN.
ERA5-Land
ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Data StoreMonthly reanalysis of land-surface climate variables at ~9 km resolution, covering the full ERA5 archive. Stored at H3 res-6 cells only (~1,007 cells over Konya). Higher-resolution cells look up their res-6 parent at query time.
| Feature name | Unit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
temperature_2m | °C | Monthly mean of 2 m air temperature |
precipitation | mm/month | Monthly total (daily mean × days in month) |
solar_radiation | MJ/m²/month | Surface solar radiation downwards, monthly total |
dewpoint_2m | °C | Monthly mean 2 m dewpoint temperature |
wind_u_10m | m/s | Eastward wind component at 10 m |
wind_v_10m | m/s | Northward wind component at 10 m |
ERA5-Land — Minimum Temperature
ECMWF / Copernicus Climate Data StoreSeparate ERA5-Land download for daily minimum temperature, resampled to monthly minima. Used in crop suitability scoring to assess frost risk during critical growth stages.
| Feature name | Unit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
temperature_2m_min | °C | Monthly minimum of daily 2 m minimum temperature |
MODIS MOD13A3
NASA Land Processes DAACMonthly vegetation index product derived from Terra MODIS imagery. Provides NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and land cover classification at 500 m resolution, mapped to H3 res-9 cells.
| Feature name | Unit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
ndvi | — | NDVI index (−1 to 1); higher values = denser green vegetation |
land_cover_type | class | MODIS MCD12Q1 IGBP land cover class (integer); aggregated by mode |
MODIS MOD16A2 — Evapotranspiration
NASA Land Processes DAAC8-day global terrestrial evapotranspiration product derived from MODIS land cover, albedo, and LAI inputs. Actual ET reflects real vegetation water use and is a direct input to irrigation planning.
| Feature name | Unit | Notes |
|---|---|---|
actual_et | mm/8-day | Actual evapotranspiration per 8-day composite period |
SoilGrids v2.0
ISRIC — World Soil InformationGlobal gridded soil property predictions at 250 m resolution from the ISRIC World Soil Information service, derived from machine learning on soil profiles, remote sensing, and terrain data. Four depth layers (0–5, 5–15, 15–30, 30–60 cm) are averaged to a single mean value per cell. These are static — a single observation per cell, no temporal dimension.
| Feature name | Unit | Property |
|---|---|---|
soil_ph | pH | Soil pH in water (phh2o) |
soil_organic_carbon | g/kg | Soil organic carbon content (soc) |
soil_clay | g/kg | Clay fraction mass fraction |
soil_sand | g/kg | Sand fraction mass fraction |
soil_silt | g/kg | Silt fraction mass fraction |
soil_bulk_density | kg/dm³ | Fine earth bulk density (bdod) |
soil_cec | mmol/kg | Cation exchange capacity at pH 7 |
soil_nitrogen | g/kg | Total nitrogen content |
SRTM Digital Elevation Model
NASA / USGS
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission 1 arc-second (~30 m) global DEM. Elevation, slope, and aspect are
derived from the DEM tiles and stored as columns directly on the spatial_cell
table (not in the observation table). These are static.
| Column | Unit | Description |
|---|---|---|
elevation | m | Mean elevation of H3 cell pixels |
slope | ° | Mean slope angle of H3 cell pixels |
aspect | ° | Circular mean aspect (0°=N, 90°=E, 180°=S) |
FAOSTAT Producer Prices
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United NationsAnnual producer price data for Turkey by crop commodity, sourced from the FAOSTAT API. The latest available year is used for each crop. Prices are in USD/tonne and feed directly into the profit projection formula on the Yield & Profit page.
| Crop | Price (USD/tonne, approx.) |
|---|---|
| Wheat | ~240 |
| Barley | ~210 |
| Sugar Beet | ~45 |
| Sunflower | ~530 |
| Maize | ~220 |
| Chickpea | ~680 |
| Lentil | ~620 |
| Cotton | ~1,450 |
TAGEM Production Costs
Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry — TAGEMItemised agricultural production cost surveys published by the Turkish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (TAGEM) for the 2022 season. Costs cover seed, fertilizer, pesticide, fuel, machinery, labor, and overhead. A CPI adjustment factor of 1.40 is applied to convert 2022 USD costs to approximate 2024 values, reflecting Turkish agricultural input inflation.
Cost categories stored per crop: seed, fertilizer, pesticide, fuel, machinery, labor, overhead. All are surfaced in the cost breakdown card on the Yield & Profit sidebar.
Crop Requirements
FAO AgroEcological Zones + literature
Monthly crop climate and soil requirements hand-compiled from FAO AgroEcological Zone guidelines and
peer-reviewed agronomy literature. Stored in the crop_requirement table.
Used by the ETL scoring engine to compute suitability via the trapezoidal fuzzy membership function.